Do Tattoos Make A Mark On More Than Just Your Skin

Do tattoos make a mark on more than just your skin? b Student Number: 26877075 Introduction The fundamental focus of my topic is the discrimination and prejudice experienced by individuals who have tattoos on their body. My hypothesis â€Å"Do tattoos make a mark on more than just your skin?† signifies the growing concern within today’s society towards equality and the elements of fear. This topic was developed from as I recently got a tattoo and the evolving negative stigma associated with it and my own concerns of discrimination in the future. To fully understand the current attitudes towards tattoos it is also important to investigate the societal perceptions over the†¦show more content†¦I investigated my topic using a variety of primary research and secondary research methodologies; a questionnaire with open and closed ended questions was completed by participants from a variety of ages and different genders to measure a public opinion, three in-depth interviews assisted me to gain a better understanding of the personal opinions of s pecific individuals, participant observation within a tattoo studio environment, personal refection to express my passionate concerns regarding my hypothesis and Internet research. By utilising questionnaires I was able to obtain a large cohort of various different opinions from varying groups within society which allowed me to gain a better understanding of the public’s perception. The three interviews I conducted provided me with a detailed insight into the positive and negative perceptions of my topic from two different genders, three age groups and social status. The three individual’s responses provided me with credible information regarding their concerns and experiences revolving around discrimination against tattoos within society and an understanding of their own personal beliefs and attitudes towards my hypothesis statement. My participant observation served as an important primary research method in order to support my personal interest project. By being in a tattoo

Persuasive Essay On Pollution - 2471 Words

We live in a world that offers so many things to us. A home, food, water, life itself, yet we don t take much care of it and are destroying it instead. The presence of pollution has been around for such a great amount of time now that you would expect us as humans, to start noticing the mass destruction we are causing and start doing something about it. Glaciers are melting, water levels are rising, the water and air around is being polluted if it s not polluted already. There is little being done to try and stop or at least slow down this fatal event. If we do not start taking care of our own home, we will soon be left with no home at all, and the only one’s we can blame for that, is ourselves. One of the many things that has been†¦show more content†¦This has been done over and over again throughout the years. All though plastic is biodegradable, it takes an average of 450 years for it to do so. Some bottles can take up to 1000 years for this to happen. By that time our planet will not be able to support such thing and will give up on us. Plastic usually breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces of plastic over the years before it to fully biodegrade. These tiny pieces of plastic are eaten by so many marine animals that live around them and every single animal that eats these tiny pieces are affected by it and many times die. All these tons of plastic don’t just disappear or get eaten by the animals though, they accumulate. The great pacific garbage patch is an example of this happening. This area is around 7 million tons heavy and twice the size of texas, it can also get 9 feet deep. Facts say that there is 6 times more plastic than plankton. In case you didn t know, plankton is the main food for many animals living in the ocean, from small fish to the great whale shark depend on plankton to stay alive. The great coral reef is an example of what the pollution in the ocean can do. The great barrier reef is considered the largest living thing in the whole world. All though it’s considered pretty young, it is around 500,000 years old. The reef is located off the coast of Northeastern Australia. Every part of the reef takes a couple of thousands of years to be formed. It is one of many beauties that nature has toShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Water Pollution1722 Words   |  7 Pageswe need water to survive, then why are polluting it? Most of our nation’s waterways are in terrible condition because of the pollution in the water. Water pollution not only can cause illnesses, but also deaths for humans. Humans aren’t the only thing that water pollution causes harm to. It is also hurting our ecosystem. Humans are the leading cause of most water pollution. We keep throwing wastes into the water making the water unsafe for humans to drink. Scientists are coming up with ways for humansRead MorePersuasive Essay On Ocean Pollution941 Words   |  4 Pagesland† (â€Å"Marine Problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ).   Pollution is mainly coming from the people. Marine pollution should be stopped because it is the cause of many problems and if something is done about it, people will see an increase in sea life and healthier waters. It makes its way into the ocean and kills marine life. Ocean pollution is affecting the way of fisherman and their everyday lives. It is also very bad on the community because pollution is very bad on tourism. Ocean pollution should be stopped because itRead MorePersuasive Essay On Plastic Pollution1111 Words   |  5 Pagesof plastic pollution are strictly from humans from littering, and improper trash removal. Fines are given to people who litter. Companies have laws to follow that are supposed to ensure proper removal of waste. However, the actions being used to solve the problem are not doing enough. Plastic is still cont inuously filling the water at increasing rates year and every year and by every single country. As more countries develop, more plastic is poured into the oceans. Due to human pollution, the marineRead MorePersuasive Essay On Air Pollution1304 Words   |  6 Pagesdeaths? Did you know there is something CNN reported that caused around 8 million deaths in 2012. CNN says this is the reason for 1 in every 8 deaths. Do you know what it is? It is actually air pollution. I want you think about yourself and 7 close friends, statistics say that one of you will die from air pollution. Is that not sad? There is something we can do but you have to be willing to do something about it. Now, we may not be able to help on an international scale but we can help our local areaRead MorePersuasive Essay On Air Pollution1099 Words   |  5 PagesPollution is a highly increasing, man- made issue that is continually degrading the quality of the environment. Ocean pollution, industrialization and air po llution are intertwining significant causes to large degradation of the health status of our oceans, air, and people. Polluting one landmark of the Earth creates an even more dangerous lasting impact on the others. Pollution is continually becoming an issue that could potentially become irreversible if immediate actions are not taken. It is urgentRead MorePersuasive Essay On Air Pollution1524 Words   |  7 PagesWhat comes to your mind when you think of pollution? Is it air pollution? Is it water pollution? Both of these are crucial to understand and should pop into your head when think of pollution. According to Merriam-Webster, pollution is â€Å"the action of polluting especially by environmental contamination with man-made waste; also: the condition of being polluted.† I would like the audience to use this definition to further their understanding of what pollution is. This could be anything from an inconsiderateRead MorePersuasive Essay About Pollution1834 Words   |à ‚  8 PagesInteresting in the pollution topic. There are many problems of pollution specially on Los Angeles. Because their problems caused about the air pollution and another environment in the world that we should to reduce it around us. Pollution is killing a several people around the world in a year. It is harmful effects on peoples health and the environment. According to NPR, â€Å"some scenes in the film are shocking, including a visit to a hospital operating room, where viewers see the damage China’s pollutedRead MorePersuasive Speech: We Must Control Air Pollution Essay666 Words   |  3 Pagesaction now to control air pollution The topic I have chosen for today is something we all take for granted-the air. Most of us hardly ever think about it. Its just something we take for granted. But the air we breathe carries pollutants that can be bad for our health. People with sensitivities, like those who have asthma, or the elderly, and also athletes are especially vulnerable to unhealthy levels of air pollution. There are many kindsRead MoreThe Worker Next Door884 Words   |  4 PagesKlepper The Worker Next Door In the essay â€Å"The Worker Next Door† written by Dr.Chris Chiswick, the author addresses the illegal immigrant problem in America, and gives several questionable reasons how if the flow of illegal immigrants were deterred, jobs would still be filled, and life would go on as usual, or even better. Dr.Chiswick wrote a not too convincing essay, having many places where he could have improved or even left out certain parts of his essay that would have made this writing betterRead MoreAn Analysis Of Tom Standage s Bad And The Last Drop 978 Words   |  4 Pages Tom Standage’s essay â€Å"Bad to the Last Drop† first appeared in the New York Times on the first of August, 2005. And it appears on pages 662-664 in the textbook; Practical Argument, compiled by Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. In his essay, Standage argues that we, as a society, should do away with bottled water. He justifies his stance with several points including the shear monetary cost to the consumer, the lack of any nutritional benefit in bottled water, and even his results in a â€Å"water

Biomedical Science Tissue-resident Macrophages.

Question: Discuss about the Biomedical Science for Tissue-resident Macrophages. Answer: Introduction Macrophages are professional phagocytes. They are tissue resident and originate from monocytes, which are produced by the stem cells in the bone marrow (Epelman et al. 2014). Monocytes usually move out of the blood capillaries through the endothelium, by the process of diapedesis or leukocyte extravasations in response to infection or tissue damage. It then goes through a sequence of changes, to form a macrophage. The movement of monocytes towards a site of infection or damage is initiated by release of chemical substances at the site, which attracts the monocytes through chemotaxis. Definition Macrophages is a phagocytic tissue cell of the invulnerable framework that might be altered or unreservedly motile, is derived from a monocytes, capacities in the decimation of outside antigens (as microscopic organisms and infections), and serves as an Antigen Presenting Cells. In short they are big eaters. (Greek word: makros- Large + phagein- eat). Functions They play an important role in both adaptive and innate immunity. They are extensive, biosynthetically dynamic cells with intense endocytic, phagocytic, and secretory capacities, ready to balance their properties upon contact with various cell sorts and additionally extracellular lattice (Fejer and Gyory 2015). Macrophages are strikingly flexible in their capacity to perceive and react to an extensive variety of stimuli, communicating an assortment of surface and intracellular receptors, different sign transduction pathways and varieties of quality expression (Davies et al. 2013). Their inherent heterogeneity amid separation is intensified by corresponding cooperations with neighbouring cells, including macrophages themselves, different microorganisms, sterile particulates and dissolvable mediators (Fejer et al. 2013). Macrophages control activation of lymphocyte as well as their proliferation; they are also responsible in activating B and T- lymphocytes. They are also known as antigen presenting cells or APCs, which present antigens to T- lymphocytes after digesting microbes (Fejer and Gyory 2015). Macrophage and monocytes both are secretory in nature and release monokines, complement proteins and factors such as interleukin-1, such cells are known as activated macrophages (Davies et al. 2013). Macrophages also aid in muscle cell regeneration by two major groups. When the muscle tissue is damaged considerably, an influx of these phagocytic cells occur, which demolish and degrade the injured muscle fibres. A second group of macrophages, which are not phagocytic in nature, enables regeneration of muscle fibres (Yona et al. 2013). Type of macrophage Heterogeneity Macrophages are classified under mononuclear phagocyte system, which includes the phagocytic cells of the reticulo-endothelial system. The mononuclear phagocyte system is a major constituent of cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Interactions between pathogen and macrophages were studied using mice model, because of the accessibility of inbred strains. These studies gave a clear understanding of irresistible infections and the atomic system behind it (Davies et al. 2013). Self renewing macrophage system There are self renewing macrophage system under homeostatic condition include self renewal of tissue resident macrophages and self renewing macrophages during inflammation (Fejer et al. 2015). Refer to Appendix for figure. Heterogeneity of macrophages The macrophages are developed from monocytes circulating within the blood stream and display a very high level of heterogeneity, which has been revealed through extensive studies with monoclonal antibodies (Locati and Sica 2012). Usually monocytes show Epelman et al. 2014diversification in morphology of nucleus, size and granularity. Tissue macrophages on the contrary exhibit heterogeneity based on functions that differ according to their occurrence. For example, the osteoclasts found in bone tissue are responsible for tissue remodelling of bones, and pattern recognition receptors in alveolar macrophages, which help in cleaning the lung tissue by removal of pathogens (Fejer and Gyory 2015). The heterogeneity of macrophages is also observed in the mononuclear phagocyte system. The macrophages develop from the haematopetic stem cells that are multi-potent in nature and are self-renewing (Locati and Sica 2012). Different cell types MPI cells are non transformed, self renewing, primary phagocytes which are GM-CSF dependent. They are portrayed as murine model of Alveolar Macrophages due to similar properties (Fejer et al. 2015). The MPI cell model system contains cell population that are multiclonal and heterogeneous (size, function and morphology) in nature. On the contrary in AMs, this framework gives unhindered measures of essential macrophages, appropriate for intensive biochemical examination (Locati and Sica 2012). MPI cells are different from bone marrow derived macrophages and dendrite cells. The latter two are widely used in macrophage studies. However, MPI cells produces more amount of TNF- and IL-6 upon stimulation with the TLR4-dependent LPS (Epelman et al. 2014). Hypothesis This research is conducted to characterize individual cell clones of MPI functionally, and to prepare a pure culture of these clones in order to potentially reduce heterogeneity which derives from polyclonality. Proper optimization of attachment to the substrate, composition of the basal media, source of serum and the addition of the factors, which promote the proliferation of the cell, is the key to successful cloning. Additionally this research also intends to examine the reactions of these cloned cells towards various pathogens, ligands derived from pathogens and cytokines. This can be brought about by diverse tissue culture techniques such as cloning of single cell, analysis of growth curve and ELISA. The conducted research hypothesizes that obtaining pure culture of macrophages is possible from polyclonal MPI cell line. Appendix The figure below illustrates the self-renewal of Embryonic macrophages in homeostatic conditions, from foetal liver and the yolk sac. They are driven by M-CSF or GM-CSF. Self-renewing is also possible in inflammatory macrophages of embryonic origin. (Source: Fejer et al. 2015) References Davies, L.C., Jenkins, S.J., Allen, J.E. and Taylor, P.R., 2013. Tissue-resident macrophages.Nature immunology,14(10), pp.986-995. Epelman, S., Lavine, K.J. and Randolph, G.J., 2014. Origin and functions of tissue macrophages.Immunity,41(1), pp.21-35. Fejer, G., Sharma, S. and Gyory, I., 2015. Self-renewing macrophagesA new line of enquiries in mononuclear phagocytes.Immunobiology,220(2), pp.169-174. Fejer, G., Wegner, M.D., Gyry, I., Cohen, I., Engelhard, P., Voronov, E., Manke, T., Ruzsics, Z., Dlken, L., da Costa, O.P. and Branzk, N., 2013. Nontransformed, GM-CSFdependent macrophage lines are a unique model to study tissue macrophage functions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(24), pp.E2191-E2198. Locati, M., Mantovani, A. and Sica, A., 2012. Macrophage activation and polarization as an adaptive component of innate immunity.Advances in immunology,120, pp.163-184. Yona, S., Kim, K.W., Wolf, Y., Mildner, A., Varol, D., Breker, M., Strauss-Ayali, D., Viukov, S., Guilliams, M., Misharin, A. and Hume, D.A., 2013. Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis.Immunity,38(1), pp.79-91.