George Orwells 1984 Essay - 992 Words

George Orwells 1984 There is, in every person, a secret part of ones self that is kept completely secret. Most often than not, it is a place of solitude, where no one else is admitted entry. Logic does not rule here; pure instinct, the drive for survival, is what reigns supreme in this realm. However, there are those chosen few who are allowed in, and it is they who are most dangerous; they alone know how to best maul, injure, and in the end, betray. Orwell created such a relationship in 1984 between Winston and Julia. Though the idea is never directly stated, the likelihood that Julia is a member of the Thought-Police grows increasingly more evident and obvious as the story progresses through her words, actions, and in the†¦show more content†¦he questions (102). She replies, ?It was something in your face?I?m good at spotting people who don?t belong. As soon as I saw you, I knew you were against them,? (102). The words send a chilling and crystal clear message?Julia knew about Winston ?s thought crimes, his experiences. In essence, she had read and analyzed him, his emotions and memories, like one reads a suspenseful novel. With those simple sentences, she issued a death promise, hidden in plain view. Many of Julia?s actions throw suspicion back on her. One example is her attitude towards the Party. ?She hated the Party, and said so in the crudest words, but she made no general criticism of it,? (109). Any true enemy of the Party would have endless complaints about the Party, enough to fill all the books in the world and even then some. But Julia has none, and it makes no logical sense. She cares nothing about the lies the Party spreads about itself; she seems to only hate it in a physical sense?because ?it was just as natural that ?they? should want to rob you of your pleasures as you should want to avoid being caught,? (109). Another action that would make one doubt her claim to be a rebel is knowledge of the rhyme of the churches. The only other people that know the verse, Mr. Charrington and O?Brien, were both Winston?s enemies, so naturally it makes sense to assume that Julia is also against him. Also, it appears that she recites it automatically, andShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. The famous novel falls intoRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19841138 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell’s â€Å"1984† perfectly captures a potential dystopia that would occur to the human race if a totalitarian government was present. As a result of this, Orwell identifies the purpose of the novel: to warn people what could possibly happen if they were not careful. A totalitarian government is similar to a dictatorship and demands complete obedience. Orwell focused on what type of plot would be most beneficial, how the plot would impact the audience, and how the subplot builds on a conflictRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19842185 Words   |  9 PagesLiterary Analysis The author of the novel 1984, George Orwell, is a political critic. Therefore, he used very precise descriptions of situations and words to provide the reader a clear understanding of the entity he is criticizing. When Winston describes the destruction of past records to create new ones to Julia, he says: â€Å"Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book has been rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street and building has been renamed, every dateRead MoreThe Themes Of 1984 And George Orwells 19841237 Words   |  5 Pages In many ways, George Orwell used real problems in the world to write his novels. Orwell lived through many events that inspired some of the main topics in his book, 1984. In 1984, George Orwell illustrates what a totalitarian society would be like. At the time that he wrote this book, many citizens of England were afraid of their government having too much power over them. Orwell wrote 1984 to warn the public of what a pow erful government can lead to. Even currently, 1984 can be related to differentRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19842208 Words   |  9 PagesIn George Orwell’s 1984, the author utilizes Big Brother to showcase the immense power and influence the government has over its subordinates. The Party manipulates the people through inflicting fear, constant surveillance, and deprivation of knowledge, in order to oppress them from having incorrect ideas or behaviors that are not permitted in society. They are expected to live as respectful Party members, forcefully having to dedicate their lives to serving Big Brother. There are a plethora of charactersRead MoreThe 1984 Adaptation Of George Orwells 19842072 Words   |  9 PagesCensorship in 1984 In the 1984 adaptation of George Orwell’s classic, Nineteen Eighty-Four, the director, Michael Radford, plays on the ideas of censorship and control of all citizens. As one of the biggest themes that is presented in the film, the Inner Party makes it their mission to stop all citizens of â€Å"free thinking†. Citizens are not allowed to think poorly of the government, nor are they allowed to think impure thoughts. Those who try to condemn the government, and those that question theRead MoreGeorge Orwells 1984 Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Orwells 1984 What look on humanity and human nature, if any, can be seen through this book, 1984? 1984 examines a future under the rule of a totalitarian society. One of the unique notes about Orwells 1984, is theRead MoreJustice in George Orwells 19841293 Words   |  6 PagesJustice in 1984 The concept of justice is an important subject in George Orwell’s 1984. Justice is defined according to Plato as â€Å"the interest of the stronger†. Justice plays a big role in 1984’s society. Justice is understood differently by the protagonists of the text than how it is represented by the societies in which they live. In the novel 1984 by Orwell, an extremely controlling totalitarian government called The Party, rules the society. They have introduced Telescreens which monitorRead MoreTotalitarianism In George Orwells 19841028 Words   |  5 PagesTotalitarianism Used in 1984 A dystopia is a society which is characterized by misery, oppression, and unhappiness. Likewise, a totalitarian government neither allow parties to have different opinions nor freedom with a centralized government, therefore totalitarianism and dystopian societies are similar. In 1984, written by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dictator who gives the Oceanian population no personal freedoms and strictly dominates all of the country for their own selfish ways. Unlike OceaniaRead MoreSymbolism In George Orwells 19841349 Words   |  6 Pages Symbolism in 1984 Literary concepts are often used in books to make the reading experience more enjoyable. In George Orwell’s 1984, Orwell uses a key literary element, symbolism, to do this. Orwell does this in a unique way. He makes the reader want to think one way, when the reality is far different. This causes the reader to be surprised when the truth of the matter is revealed. He is able to do this by having certain objects represent one thing, and then later reveal it is something far different

The Tension Of Racial Separation - 1483 Words

The tension of racial separation is a driving factor in Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Battle Royal†. In the early 1940’s the Deep South decided to create â€Å"Jim Crow† laws in which were intended to prevent blacks from voting. For the entirety of the narrators life he has being living acceptingly and conforming to these laws. The narrator states â€Å"On my graduation day I delivered an oration in which I showed that humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. (Not that I believed this – how could I, remembering my grandfather? – I only believed that it worked)† (228). This quote defines an era in which blacks were more afraid of disruption then of the corruption surrounding them. After his graduation day speech he was invited to a†¦show more content†¦He believed that by beating the narrator he would relieve himself of the pain the white have pushed upon him. We can see this when the narrator asked why are you fighting me and he responds, â€Å"For me, sonofabitch† (231). Rather than dispensing his anger upon his oppressor the brute of his attack was at his own community. This is exactly what the white men wanted. After the fight was over and Tatlock won the boys were thrown into a group and called over to collect their earnings for the night. To deepen the wedge separating them they throw the money on a rug. Unknowingly the boys scram in a frenzy to collect all the pay they can obtain, only to learn that they rug is electrocuted. Once again they were put at war with each other and struggled to obtain what they all truly wanted. The naked woman is heavily symbolic of the lack of worth the black community holds during this time period. She is the apple in the Garden of Eden, the forbidden fruit of America, the item blacks see every day but will never be allowed to obtain. She is a dream, an everlasting but never obtainable goal. Just the sight of this never obtainable g oal frightens the strongest and bravest of the boys in the room, many want to run away. All are horrified of what the whites will do if they see them staring at the woman. I believe that this woman is a symbolism of the blacks frightening away at the sight of anShow MoreRelatedSegregation It s Not Just A White And Black Issue Essay723 Words   |  3 Pagess Not Just a White and Black Issue Racial tension in the United States is a growing concern. A big challenge is raising awareness about racial segregation effects on the wider community. In order to ease the pressure and begin repairing race relations the paranoid style of American policing and the segregation of American citizens should be addressed as a primary cause. 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Many have stories and experiences of being qualified for a job but being turned down for being African American. Several experiments have been conducted where an African American would attempt to view homes in diverse neighborhoods and be turned down and white co-workers or friends would call immediately after and be invited to come in.Read MoreRacism : The United States Of America885 Words   |  4 Pagesunderlying separation between people of different races in this country. Those in positio ns of power have not made attempts to fix the issue but to use the racial divide to their advantage. These people do not make this country better but they help take part in the downward spiral that this great country is headed in. An analysis of discrimination in the United States presents one challenge facing Americans: unifying the country or continuing to separate it through racial divide. 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Globalisation of Entertainment Industry in India Free Essays

GLOBALISATION OF ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALISATION(HSS F317) Submitted By: Submitted To: * Sankalp Bhatia Mr. T. Chakraborty * Tanish Anand Department of Humanities and Languages * Manas Lohani * Akshit Sandooja * Keshav Khanna ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A comprehensive report always requires the goodwill, encouragement, guidance and support of many people. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation of Entertainment Industry in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now We would like to thank the Instructor in-charge of the course, Mr. Tathagato Chakraborty for allowing us to explore new aspects about report writing through this exercise. We are grateful to our instructor for giving an opportunity to prepare a report on the topic â€Å"Globalisation of Entertainment Industry in India†. Also, we would like to thank him for his unflinching support and guidance. We also acknowledge with gratitude the consistent cooperation received from the BITS Library staff. The books they provided us served as an ideal data source which helped us throughout in the development of this report. We wish to express our appreciation to the enormous help given by our friends who spared a great amount of their valuable time in going through the manuscript and providing suggestions. CONTENTS * Introduction * Indian Film Industry * Current Situation * Emergence of new sources of income * Digitalisation of screens and increase in the number of screens * Foreign Investment * Shooting in foreign locations * Emerging 3D cinema and Advanced VFX * New Market Techniques * Indian Music Industry * Effect on Bollywood * Effect on Indian classical music * Effect on musical instruments * Indian Television Industry * Overview * Entry of foreign players * Case Study – Star Network * Rating Wars * Foreign content and storylines Challenges faced by the industry * Case study on viewership in Delhi * Bibliography The Globalisation of Indian Entertainment and Media (EM)Industry-An introduction India’s entertainment economy is growing rapidly, and the world is taking note. The country is among the world’s youngest nations, with more than half a billion people under the age of 25. With favorable demographics and a rise in disposable incomes, the propensity to spe nd on leisure and entertainment is growing faster than the economy itself. Enticed by economic liberalization and the huge volume of demand for leisure and entertainment, many of the global media giants are starting to set shop in this country, once known as a land of snake charmers. In recent years, the Indian entertainment and media (EM) industry has out-performed the Indian economy and companies from all over the globe are increasingly envisioning their growth linked to emerging and developing giants like India, which is why they are now focused on growing and branding their businesses in this market. The EM industry-The major segments The media and entertainment industry consists of many different segments under its folds such as television, print, and films. It also includes smaller segments like radio, music, OOH(Out of Home Media is an advertising medium which reaches out to the ‘difficult-to-reach’ and  SEC A  consumers wherever they are, thus offering the advertiser an all day primetime. ), animation, gaming and visual effects (VFX) and Internet advertising. [1]  Entertainment Industry in India has registered an explosive growth in last two decades making it one of the fastest growing industries in India. From a single state owned channel, Doordarshan in the 1990s to more than 400 active channels,the EM industry is galloping, even through tough times when others are facing recession. SIZE OF INDUSTRY The domestic entertainment industry was estimated at nearly Rs 225. 0 billion and provided employment opportunities for nearly 6. 0 million people in the year 1999. In terms of foreign exchange earnings, the industry contributed around Rs 4,000. 0 million in the year 1999. In the year 2008, the EM Industry stood at INR 584 billion, a growth of almost 12. %,every subsequent year. Over the next few years, this industry is projected to grow at a CAGR of 12. 5% reach the size of INR 1152 billion by 2017. PROPELLERS OF GROWTH-The major Factors The growth in this sector of the Indian economy has been propelled by a number of factors such as :(a)the corporatization of the film industry, (b)a booming television sector, (c)a fast growing radio sector, (d)a expanding market for print products and other technological changes such as the advent of digital technology. Some of the significant changes include the emergence of new niche content genres such as reality television; the India Premier League (IPL), with cricket emerging as a mainstream entertainment genre; internationalization of Indian media and an increased production of content for global audience, launch of TV channels such as NDTV Arabia and NDTV Malaysia, launch of German edition of Filmfare magazine in 2008 and co-production and production of Hollywood movies by Indian players; and a substantial increase in Foreign Direct Investment into the Indian media sector. With $88 million of FDI flowing into the media sector in the last three years, increased density of alternative delivery platforms and digitization are collectively changing consumption patterns in the entertainment industry across India. Media sectors,regarded as â€Å"sunset† sectors in mature markets,are flourishing in India. For example,the newspaper industry,which is rapidly declining in other developed countries, is flourishing in India, on account of increasing literacy levels, consumer spending and the growth of regional markets and specialty newspapers. Newspapers account for 42% of all advertising spend in India, the most of any medium. INDIAN TELEVISION INDUSTRY Television is one of the major segments of the Indian entertainment industry and has thousands of programs in all the states of India. India is the third largest television market in the world. [5]The small screen has produced numerous celebrities of their own kind with some even attaining national fame. TV soaps are extremely popular with housewives as well as working women. The increasing popularity in the satellite cable television segment has been a major cause for the high growth in this industry. The cable subscriber base has increased from around 0. 05 million in the early 90s’ to around 24. 0 million in the year 1999-2000 is further estimated to increase to nearly 120. 0 million by the end of 2013. With the rapid proliferation of channels (over 75), and the privatization of DD, growth in this segment is projected to be rather high. Indian Film Industry â€Å"You are not a true Indian if u don’t follow cricket or bollywood† This is the impact the film industry has had on the minds of Indian people. Indians love to watch movies. With the advent of improved technologies in all aspects from film production (Rise of 3D cinema, Advent of digital cinema and the growth of multiplexes)to marketing(wanna see a movie and all stores are closed buy it on the google playstore,or watch it online!! ),the increased corporatisation of industry(Collaboration with international studios: International film studios such as Warner Bros. , Disney, Fox and Dreamworks etc) and Resurgence of regional cinema, the Indian Film Industry has become the biggest contributor in the growth of the EM indusry. GOING GAGA-THE BOOM IN RADIO INDUSTRY One of the major drivers that have helped the media industry in India canter along at a blistering pace has been the good old radio. AM, FM and even Satellite Radio have made a huge impact on the Industry in India. The stage is set for major revenue growth among the various Radio Channels. In fact what we are seeing is not some newfound love for the old medium but just the natural uncoiling of the market after the liberalisation and privatisation of the industry Everything is new and nice at the moment. People in India today are spoilt for choice. Be it any media platform they have a stack of channels to choose from. In fact listening to FM Radio in India is very  weird, as it seems too â€Å"clean† without the usual news on the hour. Talking about  weird  of all the things Satellite Radio is here. WORLDSPACE has got around 65000 subscribers in India. That’s two thirds of its entire audience around the world. People like it because it is clean without commercials. In most developed markets though where broadband penetration is high people have access to thousands of radio channels via the Internet. Satellite radio hence does not generally do well there. The other limitations of satellite radio are the unavailability of portable devices in the country. THE MUSIC INDUSTRY The Indian entertainment industry is incomplete without the inclusion of music. Music,since the 90s has become the integral part of the Indian cinema. you will have to search hard to find an indian movie that doesn’t incorporate a song. its not just the mentality of producers, it’s the public demand that drives the producers to include songs, whether its justified or not. Over the years, the importance of music has only increased, especially in case of the movie industry. Of late, movies have gone on to become huge successes largely on the backdrop of good music. While the popularity of film music increased, it also resulted in the growth of other segments such as remix, Indi-pop etc. Distributors Despite major changes occurring in the industry, most of the audience is still dependent on distribution network . Since timing is a very crucial factor here, only the companies with wider reach are able to thrive and generate profits. As distribution companies retain a major part of the profits generated in this industry, majority of them have diversified into setting up of their own retail stores. HMV is a pioneer in this area and has an excellent chain of stores at its disposal. This strategy has helped the companies to gauge the consumers’ changing perceptions and revamp their product offerings to meet the popular demand. Exchange of talent Globalisation has helped the music production companies to share the international pool of talent. The rate of usage of international talent increased tremendously after the 1990’s. Later, many artists’ internationally renowned artists have featured in Indian songs and vice versa. A. R. Rahman composed and produced music for the film  Slumdog Millionaire and  Resul Pookutty mixed the sound for the same film. Such examples display not only the impact of global companies on the indian industries, but that of Indians on the global stage. HINDI FILM INDUSTRY Current Situation :-The Hindi film Industry popularly known as â€Å"Bollywood† is the main contributor to the Indian film industry after regional language film industries like Bengali, Tamil, Telegu and Marathi. The Indian film industry is projected to grow at a CAGR of 10. 1 per cent to touch INR 150 Billion in 2016. The industry was estimated to be INR 93 billion in 2011 indicating a growth of 11. 5 per cent as compared to 2010. Although the country’s filmed entertainment industry is the largest in the world in terms of the number of films it produces (about 900) and its theatrical admissions (around 3 billion), it continues to be small in size in terms of revenue, mainly due to low ticket realization and occupancy levels. Moreover, lack of quality content and rising competition from Hollywood films continue to affect it. Source:-The Indian Bollywood Industry, DIBD-OMI, May 2012. However, one cannot underestimate the changes that have taken place in the Indian cinema due the fast globalizing or westernizing world. After Indian economy opened its gates for the rest of the world, a lot investment in terms of technology and funds have entered into the industry. Although 22 years since 1991 might seem a small time frame in the film industry, but it remains quite significant in terms of the progresses made. With more awareness, Bollywood has realized that it is necessary to create an ambience in the movies, so the movies target both the Indian culture as well as a more international culture overseas. Hence over the last 10 years Bollywood has become more international and has begun targeting a more global audience than before. Films like K3G, Kal ho na ho, My Name is Khan, Salaam Namaste, and recently Cocktail, have been a success in the overseas market mainly because of their portrayal of Indians living abroad. Bollywood films are not only watched by people in India, but also neighbouring countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka watch the movies. Moreover, countries with large groups of Hindi and Urdu speaking population like Australia, UK, Africa and the US have many Bollywood fans. And countries like Russia and Japan are also buyers of Bollywood productions. Now, with the ever transforming world and tastes of the the viewers, the Indian film industry is trying its level best to match up to the needs. Some of the changes seen in the recent times are which can be attributed to globalisation are:- 1. Emergence of new source of income. Although revenues from the theatre segment constitute around 60% of the overall revenue for a movie, other revenue streams have begun to make a meaningful contribution. The trend of selling satellite and home-video rights prior to release gained momentum in 2010, and has enabled producers to involve lesser risks in their business models. Most of the revenues of the films are now earned within the first week itself which gives the film producers a chance to sell TV rights and air the movies earlier than before. A lot of films are now premiered very soon after they are being released and the satellite rights are sold well before the movies are released . Due to this, piracy is not that big an issue that it was a few years ago. Owing to these strategies, 2012 proved to be a good year for Bollywood with 6 movies crossing the 100 crore mark. Source-KPMG 2. Digitalisation of screens and increase in the number of screens. To fight ne of the threats of piracy which was one way or the other because of other sources of information like internet, the film industry now a days do not send their physical prints at the theatres, rather they are relayed through satellite technologies like UFO. This has increased the no. of screens in which the movie runs many folds. Consider the case of Salman Khan’s first movie Maine Pyar Ki ya which released across 500 screens in India and compare it with Ek tha tiger which opened to a record 3300 screens . The growth of multiplexes has improved the movie-going experience for Indian audiences and has led to increase per-ticket realization. Rising urbanization and growing disposable incomes are also driving increased investments in multiplexes. In addition, theatres with low seating capacities allow cost-effective screening of movies that are targeted at niche audiences. However, there is still further ground to be covered. The average number of screens per million in India is presently12, as compared to the global average of 54 screens per million. The number of multiplex screens in India is expected to increase from 1,000 in 2010 to 1,405 by 2013. Source: KPMG 3. Foreign Investment : With the liberalisation of indian economy in the 90s, we have seen that international film studios like Warner Bros. , Disney, Fox and DreamWorks have entered into collaborations with local film production houses to develop Hindi and regional movies. â€Å"Saawariya†, in 2007 was the first Hollywood produced Bollywood movie in India. â€Å"My Name is Khan†, produced by Fox Star Studios was a huge success both in India and abroad. Walt Disney, who earlier held a 50% stake in UTV, has now acquired a controlling stake in UTV Software Communications. Viacom18 has also entered a deal with the global movie company Paramount Pictures to market and distribute the latter’s movies in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. It has already ventured into production of Hindi language movies, and the new deal is expected to help create a distribution network. Local film production can benefit from the experience of these international studios to expand their international reach and incorporate enhanced project planning and cost controls. In a process to make India a filming destination, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting is looking for setting up a Film Commission that will initially act as a single-window clearance agency to issue permits for shooting. At present, international producers need to seek many approvals. While they require script approvals from the ministries like IB Ministry and the Ministry of External Affairs, cast and crew approvals are required from the Ministry of Home Affairs. Based on the kind of shots and location, they need approvals from Customs Department, the Archaeological Survey of India besides several other local and State authorities. Following excerpt from a newspaper depicts how creating such a single window clearance system can affect the Indian Filmmakers. Source: HT City, Hindustan Times, 14th April, 2013 4. Shooting in foreign locations, a boost for tourism In the recent past, many films have been extensively shot in foreign locations: Movie Country Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara Spain Rockstar Czech Republic RA. OneUnited Kingdom Don 2 Germany Ek Main Aur Ek Tu United States of America Worldwide, countries offer various incentives to encourage film producers to use their locations to shoot films. Incentives are offered in the following forms: †¢ Cash rebates – where a certain percentage of expenditure in a country is provided as rebate to the film producers †¢ Tax credits – where a percentage of expenditure in a country is allowed as credit against the income. †¢ Exemption from or refund of VAT and Customs duty. †¢ Interest free loans †¢ Soft funding – negotiated tourism benefits, such as easier processing of visas, and discounts on accommodation and travel. Benefits of film incentives regime:- Boost to the tourism industry: Films shot in foreign locations depict diversity, history and landscapes of a country which help in increasing tourism in a country. * Benefits to the economy: Inflow of foreign exchange. * Boost to local film production : For example, the success of Slumdog Millionaire, which was shot in India and was a collaboration between Hollywood and Indian film technicians, helped the Indian film production houses secur e more business. * Technological exchange * Creation of employment opportunity: Hiring of local technicians. Cultural Exchange Some Facts:- * The flow of Indian tourists to Australia increased by 20% from 2004–2006, especially after the success of Salaam Namaste. * The production of Heyy Babyy injected around US$2. 1 million into the state’s economy where it was shot. * Switzerland hosts around 150,000 tourists from India and large number of Bollywood movies are shot in the country every year. * Many US states such as California, New York, Michigan,Nevada and Utah offer incentives to film and television production companies from India. Many Bollywood movies have been shot in the US including My Name is Khan, Kabhi alvida na kehna, Kal ho na ho, to name a few. 5. Emerging 3D cinema and Advanced VFX:- 3D is a prominent theme these days and has demonstrated its significant potential with benefits such as increased audience engagement, increased ticket prices and the exclusivity of the medium, i. e, the theaters. The success of Avatar has taken 3D movie-making to new heights. Multiplexes could look at the feasibility of investing larger amounts on 3D screens to meet the growing demand to view 3D. There is an emerging market for 3D movies in India with movies like Any Body Can Dance, Dangerous Ishqq, Ra. One and Haunted-3D. A new window of opportunity could open up if Bollywood is able to produce high quality 3D content. The visual effects (VFX) industry is a rapidly growing segment in India. It includes the creation of live action imagery by using computer-generated effects. It is increasingly being used by the visual media in India and can be classified into the following verticals — movies, TV shows and advertisements. The segment is still at its nascent stage with mainly low-end work being done in India. Domestic consumption is small, and therefore, the bulk of the work includes outsourced projects from the US and the UK. However, the domestic market is seeing bigger budget movies and ad campaigns, which are now open to spend more on VFX to provide an enhanced visual experience to viewers. There has been a significantly high growth in the number of VFX companies operating in India. According to some estimates, there are more than 40 major domestic VFX companies catering to the needs of domestic and international clients. Currently, India accounts for only around 10% of the total animation and VFX outsourcing pie. However, there is scope for growth and the amount of work coming to India from Hollywood is on the rise. In late 2011, VenSat Tech Services, a VFX company, joined hands with Reliance MediaWorks Limited to set up a VFX, computer graphics and animation team. 6. New Market Techniques. With more Hollywood movies getting released in India, Indian movies are adopting newer marketing techniques like selling merchandises, video games, toys etc. The indian film Ra. One was a first of its kind campaign with a complete 360 degree approach. Films like Harry Potter, Shrek, Superman, Batman have been successfully using this approach for their campaigns. EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN MUSIC Effect on Bollywood One distinguishing feature of Indian films has always been its music. While the musical lost its dominance as a genre in Hollywood in the early 1960s, largely due to the advent of rock music, Indian music scenario saw no such change. With the advent of â€Å"talkies†, Indian films started incorporating songs as an important element of the narrative. The sets and costumes, action scenes, presentation of stars, grandiloquent dialogues, and song and dance sequences became the main attraction in a movie for the fans. Song sequences are used for several purposes in films. Sometimes a song is a narrative part of the film; other times it is used as a dream sequence, or the lovers’ fantasy. Sometimes they function to allow an expression of feeling that cannot be articulated otherwise—notably the declaration of love. When music channels like MTV and V on cable and FM radio started roadcasting in India, the Hindi film music gained even more popularity. The music is important economically since the sale of music rights may recover a good part of the budget of the film. Recently, the film industry has been pre-releasing soundtracks for films along with music videos(which are basically clips of the songs from the film) some months in advance. This heightens pre-release interest among audiences and act as advertisements of the f ilm. The latest trend that has been started is that of â€Å"Item Numbers†. The overt hypersexualization of the song-dance sequence is a kind of â€Å"MTVization† of Hindi film music; the song is packaged as a 5-minute video which can advertise the film and be sold as an independent commodity. A musical industry old timer has said â€Å"Whereas in older song-and-dance sequence the erotic had an element of coy and the tentative, today the erotic has in it elements of rank sexuality, brutish pride, and vulgarity. Naked feet adorned by anklets have been replaced with high leather boots and the pelvic thrusts display the hunger of a newly-unleashed sexuality. As in other spheres, in the theatre of sexuality, the Indian adventure with globalization is on display† Item numbers have become economic necessity for film producers, singers, and music directors who want to market themselves to a global audience, to globalize the appeal of Hindi film music, and to attract younger, upwardly mobile, city-based audiences. The song-dance sequences have taken on an â€Å"international† look, using a multi-cultural dance cast and hip hop-influenced clothing. Such tastes and representations are far too alien to the rural and lower middle class audiences. Effect on Indian Classical Music Indian culture has been attached with music since long time, with traditional Indian music being the most famous among Indians till the time globalization hit the country. Western culture followers are increasing in India due to adoptive nature of Indian consumers. Though the number of youth listening to traditional Indian music may have declined but globalization has acted as a two way street in its truest sense. Indian classical musical instruments like veena, sitar and table have been incorporated heavily into the â€Å"World Music† genre which focuses on fusion and bringing out the spiritual side of music. Artists like Pandit Ravi Shankar, Pandit Amjad Ali Khan, Bismillah Khan and Zakir Hussain are renowned and respected globally. The situation surrounding the traditional classical music of India continues to change due to the remarkable advances made in methods of information dissemination and communication, among these the rapid growth of the Internet. Some critiques say that the commercialization of Indian music seems to have led to the monopolization of the market by a small numbers of â€Å"stars. Over the last ten years, it has in large part been the same small group of musicians who have been performing concerts in major cities. The popularization of Indian music has led too to changes in performance styles and audiences appreciation. This includes, for example, shortened performances, the traditional raga time concept meaningless, and an overemphasis on technique. Serious practitioners and students of Indian music, in particular Hindustani music, have increased dramatically th roughout the world. This is evident from the increasing number of Indian musicians traveling abroad to perform and record. In some Western educational institutions, Hindustani music has already been established as a formal area of study, and research is being done to determine the most effective methods of education in this discipline. In light of this trend, the traditional master/pupil method, Guru-Shishya-Parampara, has proved to be something of a controversial problem. Effect on Musical Instruments Increasing globalization ; increasing use of internet have resulted in changing the taste of music lovers; ultimately influencing their musical instrument choices. Gradually, the appetite for playing western music instrument has been fulfilled with the increase in number of western music schools. India western musical instruments market has been anticipated to reach INR 542. 84 Crore by 2017. TELEVISION AND GLOBALISATION OVERVIEW Media imperialism is a sub category of under the broader category of media imperialism. The conventional view was that it was the global (particularly US) media that dominated and the technologies associated with it that were imperialistic and ruled the world. But the scenario was changing on the advent of 1990s due to nationalised media arising and getting promoted. Al-Jazeera was founded in 1996 and is a Qatar based company. Bollywood is seen as an answer to Hollywood. Reuters is major news company founded in Britain. Times of India is the world’s 3rd largest circulating paper. † These are some examples to name a few of the changing global media trend. Since the advent of television in 1920s it has been a source of news and entertainment. Majority of the channels were state funded and had little commercial use. After the arrival of globalisation television was changed, as the viewers were seen as a mode of income from advertisements and this began a war of TV ratings among the channel providers began. They turned the political struggle for television into a battle for market shares with an increasing international orientation. The liberalisation of television in association with the development of new broadcasting technologies led to a multitude of competing TV stations and to a diversity of available programmes. Private broadcasters’ dependence on funding by adverts caused a commercialisation of TV and shifted the focus of programming to ratings, which have become an all-dominant factor. The constant search for new ways of attracting viewers’ attention favours sensational topics and resulted in a variety of new programme formats. India was one of the most affected countries due to this trend. Ramayana and Mahabharata were the first major TV series in India. 1980s saw the arrival of popular shows like Hum Paanch, bharat ek khoj which made the viewers engrossed in them. ENTRY OF FOREIGN PLAYERS In 1991 the government allowed private and foreign broadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. This was the first step of globalisation of Indian TV industry as this led to the entry of major foreign players such as CNN, STAR TV and domestic private enterprises such as ETV, ZEE. In 1999–2003, other international channels such as Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, VH1, Disney and Toon Disney entered the market. Starting in 2003, there has been an explosion of news channels in various languages; the most notable among them are  NDTV,  CNN IBN  and  Aaj Tak. The most recent channels/networks in the Indian broadcasting industry include UTV Movies, UTV Bindass, Zoom, Colours, 9X and 9XM. CASE STUDY- STAR TV STAR TV is an US based company owned by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp. It currently has 35 channels in 7 languages with around 400 million viewers in India â€Å"courtesy http://www. tartv. com/aboutus. aspx. † They currently own one of the most viewed channels of India such as Star Plus, Star Gold, Star Movies, Star world, Channel [V] to name a few. It is the leading TV channel in terms of no. of channels and viewers in India with hit shows such as Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, Star Voice of India and 24X7 movies. RATING WARS Entertainm ent channels form the largest part of Indian TV industry with foreign and domestic players both. They broadcast daily shows which are mainly targeted to the family audience particularly ladies called â€Å"Soap Operas†. This is a huge source of revenue and entertainment as most of the advertisements are shown in this time slot making this a win-win situation for everybody. These not only include popular Hindi shows such as Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi or Kahaani Ghar Ghar Ki but also in other languages such as Punjabi, Marathi and English such as Ugly Betty, 90210, Damini. The popularity of these serials is evident from the data shown above. Source: TAM peopleter system, GEC Ratings (April 22-28) One of the major sources of entertainment is the sports channels which are dedicated to the world of sports. There are 20 sports channels till date with the majority owned by the foreign powerhouses such as ESPNSTAR (owned by FOX network), SONY SIX. Children’s interest channels  are  television  specialty channels  that present children’s interest content. This market is almost entirely owned by foreign companies such as Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon. The NEWS channels are the ones which have most of the domestic companies and have one of the fiercest rivalries among them. Other channels include dedicated to music, movies, sci-fi and general info. Majority of them are owned by foreign TNC’s such as MTV, Discovery, and HBO. All of these are owned by foreign media conglomerates and are one of the most viewed channels in India. All of these are owned by foreign media conglomerates and are one of the most viewed channels in India. FOREIGN CONTENT AND STORYLINES The content of the channels are also influenced by the global trends. In most of the cases either the storyline or the format of successful foreign shows are copied. Some of the examples are as shown below: * Jassi jaisi koi nahi – Ugly Betty * Big boss – Big brother * Indian idol – American idol * India’s got talent – Americas got talent Fear factor – Fear factor * Masterchef India – Masterchef Australia The viewership of English sitcoms are on the rise in the young generation such as Friends, HIMYM due to the rising English speaking population which has increased the revenues of these channels such as STAR World, AXN. On the rise is the viewership of movies both Hindi and English as evident from the exorbitant prices channels are paying for the television premiers of the movies. The sports TV industry is one of the fastest growing industries due to huge fan following also known as â€Å"popular culture†. The increase of number of sports channel in India is rapid. Cricket and football has proved itself as a huge source of revenue generation as perceived from the data below. IPL, world cup, BPL are huge attractions for advertisers and they are willing to invest in them. And majority of them are the TNCs who spare the big bucks. Top 5 most viewed events in 2010-2011 in India 2011 cricket world cup final – 67. 6 million viewers| Budget 2011 – 37 million| Commonwealth 2010 opening ceremony – 30 million| IPL 3 final – 9. 6 million| 2010 FIFA world cup final – 1. 5 million| Source: aMap data, Times of India Also the emergence of debating style of news presentation can be seen as an effect of globalisation. Now majority of the news channel present debates in their primetime slots so as to include various opinions. This has been a huge success. Also the technological advancement in television industry such as digitalization has improved the services offered which has also led to increased viewership. This is a direct result of globalization as the technology and information is transferred between nations. CHALLENGES FACED BY THE INDUSTRY But the television industry faces many challenges due to globalization. * Main disadvantage is the accumulation of power in few foreign media conglomerates which hinders the growth of domestic market. Few Indian companies have been able to establish themselves in front of the global power. * The media sometimes become biased and influence the public opinion. For example in Saddam Hussein case media houses passionately supported US in their operation and thus took people on US side without telling the full story. * Also the advent of reality TV shows has increased their share which results in disproportionation. Time should be divided suitably for all types of entertainment which is not so in the present scenario. * TV has not yet been able to penetrate the rural parts of India due to lack of connectivity which is needed as it acts as a source of information. * Also in this century of internet viewers are migrating to web services. This has resulted formation of web portals of channels which is not encouraging to the TV industry. CASE STUDY ON VIEWERSHIP IN DELHI The figures below show the impact of television in the three major metropolitans and show type wise distribution of channels in Delhi. Source: www. amindia. com Bibliography n. d. http://www. indiantelevision. com. n. d. http://www. startv. com. n. d. www. tamindia. com. Film Industry In India: New Horizons. Ernst ; Young Pvt Ltd. , 2011. Google Images. n. d. http://images. google. co. in/. HT City. â€Å"Foreigners First, But What about us? † April 14, 2013. Indian Express. â€Å"IPL 6. † April 8, 2013. Reseasrch and Markets-Market research reports. n. d. http://researchandmarkets. com. Ritzer, George. â€Å"Globalization a basic text. † n. d. Vogg, Ejvind. The Indian Bollywood Industry. DIBD, 2012. Wikipedia, The free Encyclopedia. n. d. http://wikipedia. org. How to cite Globalisation of Entertainment Industry in India, Papers

Salem witchcraft trials cause and effect Essay Example For Students

Salem witchcraft trials cause and effect Essay In 1692 the area of Salem town and Salem village became very vulnerable to conflict. Severe weather such as hurricanes had damaged land and crops, the effects of King Phillips War began to impact New England society, and colonists were being forced off of the frontiers by Native peoples. The Church and the government were in heavy conflict. And those residing in Salem began to grow suspicious of one another when some prospered and others hadnt (Marcus, p13). Suddenly people seemed very paranoid and soon residents were placing blame on one another and accusing each other of witchcraft. In a fifteen month period between 1691 and 1692 nearly twelve dozen people were accused of witchcraft in or near Salem (Norton, p8). Although witch trials were not uncommon in Puritanical New England, none had reached such epidemic proportions as Salem. In 1691 the mass hysteria began when several young girls dabbled in witchcraft and began acting strange. When villagers took notice the girls were seriously questioned and so they began naming people, mainly woman, who had supposedly bewitched them (Boyer, p66). Several other who had been accused were woman displayed unfeminine behavior and those who stood to inherit more economic power than most men in the area (Boyer, p66). By 1692 the young girls had continued to make false accusations of townspeople. Many of those accused were townspeople who were more prominent than others. Villagers, such as the young girls, who envied others, would often accuse people because of a personal abhorrence. Eventually, those accused of witchcraft could be anyone regardless of social standing. Relationships between people and families seemed to crumble in the light of hysteria as c hildren accused parents and friends pointed out friends (Boyer, p67). Some confessed to witchcraft and saved their own lives, others refused to tarnish their names and proclaimed innocence to their grave. The fact that these people did not have freedom of speech and were proven guilty without any tangible evidence caused even more hysteria throughout New England. People realized that at anytime anyone of them could be pointed out and so the society fell even more. One can see the Salem witch trials as being an excessive representation of the social and economic changes taking place in New England at this time (Boyer, p67). Differences between those who accepted change and those who feared it are what divided the colony. The hanging of witches can be seen as the murder of difference or of change. Perhaps if they had not been so insecure about their methods of governing the colony, the Puritans wouldnt have felt threatened by the slightest change. It took nineteen innocent deaths for the leaders of Salem to even begin to see the wrong doing in their trials. The Salem witch trials of the 1690s had an immense impact on American history. These dark times cast a shadow that would forever haunt this countrys past, knowing that our fore fathers were not the brave and pious people they appeared to be, but rather frightened and impressionable which is what eventually led them to murder. Works CitedBoyer, Paul S., Clark, Clifford E., et. Al., The Endurin g Vision: Ahistory of the American people. 5th edition. Volume I to 1877. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004Marcus, Robert ; Anthony, Eds. On Trial: American History Through Court Proceedings ; Hearings. St. James, New York: Brandywine Press, 1998, volume INorton, Mary Beth. Witchcraft in the Anglo American Colonies, Organization of American Historians Magazine of History, 17 (July 2003): 5-10.

Andrew Jackson Presidency essays

Andrew Jackson Presidency essays If I had lived in the 1820s, Im not sure whether or not I would have voted for Andrew Jackson, because he made both, in my opinion, good and bad decisions while he was president. Also, his personality made a huge impact on the way he ruled our country. I sorted through the positive and negative things from his presidency to make my decision. Jackson was said to have been the first true president of the common people. Jackson firmly believed that the government should be restricted to a simple machine which the Constitution created. This proved that he was truly a man of the people. One of his biggest actions was the veto of the Second Bank of the United States. This awarded honest labor, and was a major setback for monopoly and aristocracies. All of Jacksons actions were to push for a government that acted within the limits of the constitution, which gave him bonus points with majority Jackson supported a strong national government and used his power to get what he wanted. He vetoed twelve times within his two terms as president. He was labeled King Jackson the First by some and he expanded the power of the president. His presidency was one of a sort of monarchy rule, and of violence. Violence was a thing that he used to get his way. A person was either for him or against him. He usually accepted ideas that he wanted personally, and not what was good for the people and the country. For example, he was a slave owner, and he supported the ban of antislavery pamphlets in the mail. Jackson and his policies strengthened new American nationalism and through his actions during his presidency, he changed the nation into a more nationalistic country. He ignored decisions made by the Supreme Court, which made the people very happy. Jackson also had a strong personality and was well liked by many, if not everyone, but because ...

Essay Sample on Population in the World

Essay Sample on Population in the World The world is a very big place with a population of 6,234,250,234 people and always growing. The world and its important resources are being destroyed by populations growing in such small areas. Many of these small areas have many problems of their own because of over population, such as hunger and many poor people. China is the largest country in the world with a population of 1, 284,304,705 people and ranked the third largest in size in the world. In the year 2050 the population of China will be about 1,322,435,000. The population in china is growing by about 87% a year. China is controlling the population by the one-child policy. The one child policy was created in 1979 to help control the growing population of China. How the one child policy works is that families are only allowed one child but if that child can’t work the family can adopt another. Also many of the families are killing their new born if they are girls because in China when girls are born nothing is done but when a boy is born there is a huge celebration. The population of the U.S. is 280,562,489 people and by the year 2050 the population will almost had doubled, 394,241,000 people. Each year the population increases by 89%. In the U.S. there is nothing being done to control the fast growing. Although there are many people in some states there are still many that have very few due to the climate which is usually too hot or too cold. India is 1,045,845,226 people and as the population grows at 1.15% in the year 2050 there will be about 1,706,951,724. In the 1970’s India started to educate people about birth control. They put up posters and also want men and women to be sterilized. By teaching people India about birth control the later generations will be more aware of overpopulation. The total population of Europe is about 728,543,592 and if the population continues to grow at about 1% in 2050 the population will be about 642,447,530. Although Europe consist of many countries not many are doing anything to help control overpopulation. Africa has a total population of 803,310,514 and in 2050 the population will be about 1,786,117,607. The population growth rate is about 2.6%. Even thought the population is still growing there is also illness and lack of food is sort of the population control. There are many ways that over population destroy the earth one way is by pollution. Pollution has been killing the environment since power has been producing power to work every day things for the growing populations. Also have also been major accidents form power plants that cause many people to move to different and make them even more populated. Also over population destroys forest and other natural resource. In South America there are many rain forest, these rain forest may or may not contain cures for some illnesses that we have no cures for not. But farmers in South America are cutting down the trees for the top layer of soil. There are may was to control the population of the world, one way is to have a certain amount of people in a household or family, kind of like China’s One child policy but now people will be able to have 4 to 5 child girls or boys. In Conclusion, at the population of the world grows, over population will continue slowly destroy the earth. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Population topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Issues with Chinese goods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Issues with Chinese goods - Research Paper Example If there is no regulation set in place by the Chinese regarding their exported goods, this will do nothing to solve the problem. It is evident that toxins found in Chinese goods are a problem. In a recent article it is found that in China 800,000 children are affected by lead each year. This number is alarming compared to the 1% that affects American children (PureLivingChina2011). When China is not doing their part to raise awareness levels in China, the goods brought into the United States will continue to be unsafe. Since the creator of the products is not willing to change the regulation on exported goods, the United States needs to change the regulation on imported goods. It is likely that when the Chinese sees a decrease in sales that this will force a new regulation. It really has to start with those in charge becoming concerned. It is not cost effective to run tests on all products coming in from China. China needs to be the one performing the tests and providing reports befo re a trade is initiated. Works Cited Check4Lead. "Effects Of Lead Poisoning | Check4Lead.com." Effects of Lead Poisoning. Check 4 Lead. Web. 28 Mar. 2011. PureLivingChina. "Lead Exposure | PureLiving China." PureLiving China | Indoor Environmental Solutions. CNN.